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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1. F. P. BLODGETT.

WATER HEATER.

No. 425,062. Patented Apr. 8, 1890.

(No Model.) -4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

F. P. BLODGETT.

WATER HEATER. No. 425,062. "Patented Apr. 8,-l890.

THE NORRXS PETEFIS 60., PMOTO-UTHDI, WAEHIHGTUN, D. Cv

a fi a 7 II A (No Model.) I 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

F. P. BLODGETT.

WATER HEATER.

Patented Apr. 8 1890.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK PARKER BLODGETT, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO LODOSCA SULLIVAN, OF SAME PLACE.

WATER-HEATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 425,062, dated April 8, 1890.

Application filed April 19, 1889. Serial No. 307,693. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern: smoke-pipe is so short that a very large per Be it known that I, FRANK PARKER BLOD- cent. of the heat is wasted by passing to the 55 GETT, a citizen of the United States, residing chimney instead of being absorbed by the in Chicago, in the county of Cook and State water, as it would be if the smoke-passages 5 of Illinois, have invented anew and useful or flues were longer. In the heaters hereto- Improvement in-I-Iot-\Vater Heaters, of which fore in use, also, the manner of placing the the following is a specification. water-ports produces alarge number of water- 60 My invention relates to hot-water heaters joints to be made tight, some of the heaters of the type wherein the heater consists of a now in use having as many as thirty-two number of horizontal sections laid one on joints, all of which is objectionable on actop of another. In hot-water heaters of this count of the labor required to make them type heretofore in use the water ports or contight and the increased liability of leaks. In 65 nections between the several sections have many heaters heretofore in use, also, the lowusually been in the form of columns placed ermost water-section into which the water is I at the outer side or at the corners of the delivered by the return-pipes is directly in heaters, forming an open passagefrom the top contact with the fire, which on the one hand to the bottom of the heater. This manner of tends to chill and check the fire, while the 70 placing the water-ports as well as the conintense heat of the fire-pot on the other hand struction and arrangement of the sections tends to'a greater or less extent to drive the with perfectly flat horizontal surfaces is an water back into the return-pipes and thus to objectionable arrangement, in that it is iminterfere with the circulation of the water possible to predetermine in what direction through' the system. 75 the water will flow, it being more liable to It is the object of my invention to overcome run up the columns and cut the sections out these difficulties or objections and to produce than to pass through them, as on account of a hot-water heater of a simple, efficient, and the level portions of the section, especially in durable construction, and which will produce, the center, there is nothing to invite a circufirst, a positive circulation of the water at all 80 lation of the Water through them, but everytimes in a definite and continuous direction; thing to produce rapid flow of the water up and, second, a maximum absorption of the the columns, or if it is circulated through the units of heat from the products of combuscentral portions of the sections the water tion while passing through the heater by the may flow one way one time and another way water, and which will have, third,a minimum 8 5 the next time, never exactly in the same dinumber of water-joints, all of which I conrection. This intermittent and uncertain flow sider to be requisites of a perfect heater. of the water is very detrimental, in that it In my invention the heater is made of a destroys to a large degree the effectiveness of square or rectangular form, so that the water the apparatus. This tendency of the water may be made to circulate back and forth 90 to pass out on the outside of the heater, where across the heater from side to side, and thus theports between the sections are arranged in prevent the tendency of the water to pass vertical lines or columns, one above another, spirally around the outer wall of the heater, leavesthecenteroftheheatenwherethelargest as it would tend to do to a greater or less exportion of the heat is passing, with very little tent if the heater were of a cylindrical form; 5 of the work to do, and the heater so conand I combine with this square or rectangustructed is consequently wasteful of the fuel, lar heater a round fire-pot, so that there may as the heat passes away through the flues. be no waste of fuel by the fire dying out at In this old type of heaters, also, the flues or the corners, as would be the case to a greater passages through the sections for the products or less extent if the fire-pot were square like I00 of combustion have been in the form of the heater. round, oval, or narrow openings, passing ver- My invention also consists in a. hot=water 5. ,.tically through the sections, usually in stagheater having a continuous water space or gered -positions,in all arrangements of which passage extending in a series of folds or con the distance tl'irough which the products of volutions, one above the other, across the combustion pass from the firebox to the heater from side to side, and a continuous smoke passage or flue extending in a similar continuous series of folds or convolutions across the heater at right angles to the former, so that the currents of water and the currents of smoke or products of combustion will pass across each other at right angles as they pass through the heater in their respective passages or fines.

It further consists in, in connection with such continuous water and smoke passages, making the water passages or convolutions in a series of inclined planes, one above another, so that the hot water may follow its natural tendency to rise as it passes through the heater, and thus naturally flow across the heater and through the central portion thereof.

It further consists in, in connection with such arrangement of continuous water and smoke passages, making the walls of such water-ways and smoke fines or passages with corrugated surfaces to increase the heatingsurface in a small space.

By thus arranging the water ways or passages through the heater in the form of a series of continuous folds or convolutions extending across the heater from side to side, I am enabled to reduce by about one-half the number of water-joints in the heater.

In my heater, as in some old heaters, the lowermost water-section, commonly called the fire-pot section, and into which the water is delivered by the return-pipes, is provided with a fire-brick lining to prevent the checking of the fire by the chilling action of the water and the interference with the water circulation by the heat of the fire-pot driving the water back into the return-pipes.

Another feature of my invention consists in the construction thereof, as hereinafter described, whereby I am enabled to combine a direct-draft passage with the circuitous or heating passage, the direct draft being used when starting the fire.

My invention also consists in the novel devices and novel combination of parts and devices herein shown and described, and more particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanyingdrawings, which form a part of this specification, and in which similar letters of reference indicate like parts, Figure l is a front elevation of a heater cmbodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical section on line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical section on line of Fig. 2. Fig. 4- is a detail plan view, on a somewhat smaller scale, of the fire-pot section. Fig. 5 is a section on line 5 5 of Fig. 2, and Fig. 6 is a horizontal section on line 6 U of Fig. 2.

In the drawings, A represents the base or ash-pit section of the heater, which has no water-space. Next above the ash-pit section is the fire-pot section B, which contains the water-space 1) between its inner and outer walls I) b". The fire-pot section B has a lining of fire-brick B to prevent the heat from the fire-pot driving the water back into the return-pipes P, and also to prevent the water checking the fire by chilling it. The fire-box section B is also furnished with a grate B which may be of any usual or known construction. Next above the fire-pot section B is the fire-box section C, having its inner wall or surface 0 next to the fire corrugated, as is clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 5. Next above the fire-box section 0 is the crown-sheet section D, having its under surface or crownsheet (1 corrugated and provided with a passage E at the rear side for the products of combustion to leave the fire-box and pass into the flue F, extending through the sections G above in a continuous series of folds passing back and forth across the heater from one side thereof to the other. At the rear side of the crown-section D is an opening II to be used as a direct draft when kindling a fire, said opening being connected with the smoke-pipe K by the pipe L, as shown. The draft is controlled by dampers lit", located in the pipes L K, preferably about as shown.

The four intermediate sections G above the erown-sheet sections are all similar in construction, each having the under side g corrugated to increase the heating-surfaces, and each having a water-space g and forming with the sections above and below a continuous water-space extending from side to side across the heater at right angles to the folds of the flue F in a similar series of folds or convolutions. Above the sections G is the top section M, having its under sidem corrugated similar to the seetionsG and D, and having a vertical opening m through it for the exit of the products of combustion, the same being connected with the smoke-pi pe K. The sections G may vary in number, either less or more. It will be observed that the flue F is in the form of a double S and is formed by the space between the several sections 1), G, and N. The gases or products of combustion on their way from the fire-box to the smoke-pipe are thus conducted through a long and extended passage continuously in contact with the water-space, so that the water has opportunity to completely absorb the heat from the products of combustion before the same issues from the heater. At the front side of the heater a series of openings N are provided for cleaning-out purposes, these openings being closed by a door or doors N. The several sections are bound together by means of short bolts S extending through lugs s, placed at the sides of the sections, binding one section to the other. The water-joints are made tight by means of gaskets .9, preferably of asbcstus, placed between the faces of the joints. The gaskets may be of any material suitable for the purpose.

The return-pipes P, which convey the water back to the heater, enter the lowermost watersection B,the interior of which hasthe lining 3' of fire-brick or other refractory material. I represents the outlet-pipe, through which the heated water is conveyed from the heater to the radiator. These outlet-pipes enter the ITO top section M, and preferably vertical to the top plate thereof. The return-pipes P and exit-pipes P may be of any size and number desired according to the requirements.

By referring to the drawings, especially to Fig. 3thereof,it will be seen that there is but one water-port as between each pair of adjoining sections G, D, or M, and that all the water ways or spaces g are inclined planes, and that the ports 00 are so placed that the water must pass through the center of the section, that there are no square corners around which the water turns, and thatall the surfaces are smooth and all corners round, thereby reducing the friction to a minimum. It will also be observed-that the ports as, in connection with the Water ways or passages g of the contiguous sections, produce a continuous water-passage from the bottom to the top of the heater, no part of whichis horizontal, and which extends in aseries of folds or convolutions back and forth across the heater from one side thereof to the other. It will also be observed from Figs. 4 and 5 that the water-portsazbetween the contiguous sections are in the' form of oblong slots located centrally at one side of the heater, and that the length of these ports extends almost across the whole side of the heater.

By referring now to' Fig. 2, it will be seen that the smoke fine or passage F also extends in a similar series of convolutions or folds back and forth across the heater at right angles to the series of water-ways, so thatthe smoke-fines and water-ways cross each other at right angles. The heat or products of combustion, therefore, as they pass through the flue F keep continually crossing the currents of water flowing through the ways g g, so that every particle of water has opportunity to come in contactwith the heat as it passes through the smoke-fines F.

The water enters the heater at either side through the openings in the fire-pot B, as

shown, passes thence around the fire-pot and also into the fire-box section 0 and around the fire-box section, and from these two sections into the crown-sheet section D, and across over the fire through this section and into the section G above it, andacross through this section and into the one above it, and

through that in the same manner, and continuing through the other upper sections G in the same manner until it reaches the outlet-openings in the upper sections M, by which time it has become thoroughly heated and passes off to the heating apparatus. Thus it will be seen that the water always passes over the fire through the central portion of the sections and cannot pass away from the heater without doing so, the water always finding an easy flow up the inclined planes within the sections.

The products of combustion pass from the fire-box through the fine at the rear side of same into the flue F, placed between the sections, as shown, and through said ,flue from rear to front and from front to rear (the heat passing at right angles with the water) until it reaches the smoke-exit at the top of the heater. In this way the heat comes in direct contact (by passing across the surface) with both sides of each section before leaving the heater. This cannot be said of any other heater. In my heater the water thus crosses over the fire seven times and the heat over the water eleven times before they leave the heater.

I claim- 1. In a hot-water heater, the combination of a fire-pot and flue F leading therefrom to the smoke-pipe in a series of folds between the water-spaces of the sections for heating the water, said flue extending from side to side across the heater, and a separate direct draft L, leading directly from the firespace to the smoke-pipe for use in starting the fire, said latter flue not extending through or between the water-spaces of the heater, substantially as specified. 9o

2. A hot-water heater composed of a series of sections laid one on top of another, and having one broad shallow continuous water space or passage the full width of the heater, extending in a series of folds or bends, one 5 above another, across the heater from side to side, the water-spaces of the contiguous sections communicating together by long narrow centrally-located ports atthe ends of the sections alternately, and having one broad tool tending similarly between the several sections, substantially as specified. 3. A hot-water heater composedof a serieis shallow continuous smoke fine or passage eX-/ of sections laid one on top of another, and 10 having one broad shallow continuous watier space or passage the full width of the heater, extending in a series of folds or bends, one above another, across the heater from sideto side, the Water-spaces of the contiguous sec- [I0 tions communicating together by long narrow centrally-located ports at the ends of the sections alternately, and having one broad shallow continuous smoke flue or passage extending similarly between the several sec- I15 tions, said water ways or passages forming a series of inclined planes one above another, substantially as specified.

4. A hot-water heater having one broad shallow continuous waterspace or passage ex- I 20 tending in a series of nearly horizontal folds or bends, one above the other, across the heater from side to side and provided with a continuous smoke passage or flue extending in a similar series of nearly horizontal folds or I2 5 bends across the heater at right angles to the former, so that the currents of water. and the currents of smoke or products of combustion will cross each other transversely as they pass through the heater in their respective 1 o passages or flues, substantially as specified.

5. A hot-water heater composed of a series of sections laid one on top of another, each having a single broad shallow water-space the full width of the section and provided with a smoke line or passage between the sections, the water-spaees of said sections communieating together through long narrow ports located centrally at the sides of the heater-sections, so that the water in flowing from one port to another must cross the heater centrally, whereby the circulation of the water through the heater is facilitated, substantially as specified.

6. A hot-water heater composed of a series of sections laid one 011 top of another, each having a single broad shallow water-space the full width of the section and provided with a smoke fine or passage between the sections, the water-spaces of said sections communicating together through long narrow ports located centrally at the sides of the heater, so that the water in flowing from one port to another must cross the heater centrally, said water spaces or ways forming a series of inclined planes, one above another, so that the hot water can follow its natural tendency to rise as it flows through the heater, whereby the circulation of the waterthrough the heater is facilitated, substantially as specified.

7. A hot-water heater composed of a series of sections laid one on top of another, said sections being each furnished with a single broad shallow water-space, the water-spaces of the contiguous sections being connected together by long narrow parts and provided with the single continuous smoke-flue between the sections, the surface or walls of said sections being corrugated to increase the heating-surface, substantially as specified.

8. In a hot-water heater, the combination oil the ash-pit section A with fire-pot section 11 fire-box section 0, having a eorrugated'or convoluted inner wall, crown-sheet section D, intermediate sections G, and top section M, said sections communicating together by oblong centrally-located ports a, arranged alternately, and each of said sections D G M having a single broad shallow water-space the full width and length of the section and there being a single continuous smoke flue or passage formed by the connected spaces between the several sections, substantially as specified.

9. In a hot-water heater, the combination of the ash-pit section A with fire-pot section B, fire-box section 0, having a corrugated or convoluted inner wall, crown-sheet section D, intermediate section G, and top section N, said sections communicating together by oblong centrally located ports 37, arranged alternately, said section B having a fire-brick lining 13', and each of said sections D G M having a small broad shallow water-space the full width and length of the section, and there being a single continuous smoke line or passage formed by the connected spaces between the several sections, substantially as specified.

10. The combination of a series of square or rectangular hot-water-heater sections B C D G M, said sections B 0 having a round central fire-pot and box-opening and a waterspaee surrounding said fire pot and box, and said sections D G M each having a single shallow water-space extending the full width and length of the section, and the water spaces of the several sections communicating together by long narrow centrally-located ports alternately arranged so as to produce a continuous S shaped water-passage, and there being a similar continuous smoke flue or passage between the sections extending transversely to said water-passage, substantially as specified.

1]. The combination of a series of square or rectangular hot-water-heater sections B C D G M, said sections B 0 having a round central tire-pot and opening, and a water-space surrounding said fire pot and box, and said sections 1) having a corrugated crown-sheet d, and said sect-ions D G M each having a single shallow water-space extending the full width and length of the section, and the water-spaces of the several sections communieating together by long narrow centrally-located ports alternately arranged so as to produce a continuous S-shaped water-passage, and there being a similar continuous smoke flue or passage between the sections extending transversely to said water-passage, substantially as specified.

12. The combination of a series of square or rectangular hot-watcr-heater sections 15 0 D G M, said sections 13 0 having a round central fire-pot and box-opening and a waterspace surrounding said fire pot and box, and said sections having a corrugated crown-sheet d, the water-spaces of said sections D G M forming a series of inclined ways or passages communicating together at opposite sides of the heaters by suitable ports, and said sections D G M each having a single shallow water-space extending the full width and length of the section, and the water-spaces ol' the several sections communicating together by long narrow centrally-located ports alternately arranged so as to produce a continuous S-shaped water-passage, and there being a similar continuous S-shaped smoke fine or passage between the sections extending transversely to said water-passage, substantially as specified.

13. The combination of a series of square or rectangular hot-water-heater sections 15 (J D G M, said sections 13 0 having a round central fire-pot and box-opening and a waterspace surrounding said fire pot and box, and said sections having a corrugated crown-sheet (Z, the water-spaces of said sections D G M forming a series of inclined ways or passages communicating together at opposite sides of the heaters by suitable ports, substantially specified.

FRANK PARKER BLODGETT.

\Vitnesses:

EDMUND ADCOCK, H. M. MUNDY.

Ice 

